In a major and controversial move, Israel has approved a new law that expands the use of the death penalty, making execution the default punishment for certain acts defined as terrorism. The decision marks a significant shift in Israel’s legal system, as the country has historically used capital punishment only in extremely rare cases.
The new legislation, officially titled Penal Law (Amendment No. 159) (Death Penalty for Terrorists), 2025, was passed by the Knesset on March 30, 2026, with a vote of 62-48. Under this law, individuals convicted of killing with the intent to deny the existence of the State of Israel can face the death penalty as the standard sentence.
One of the most debated aspects of the law is its application. Although it can technically be used in civilian courts, experts say it is mainly aimed at military courts in the occupied West Bank, where most defendants are Palestinians. The law also lowers the legal requirement for imposing the death sentence, allowing it to be decided by a simple majority of judges instead of a unanimous decision.
The move has drawn strong international criticism. A joint statement issued by Pakistan and several other Muslim-majority nations, including Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates, condemned the law and warned that it could further increase tensions in the region.
Human rights organizations and global observers have also raised serious concerns. The United Nations human rights chief described the law as potentially violating international law, with some experts warning it could amount to a “war crime.” Critics argue that the law may disproportionately target Palestinians and deepen existing inequalities in the legal system.
Supporters of the law within Israel argue that it is necessary for national security and acts as a deterrent against terrorism. However, the debate continues both inside and outside the country, with many calling for restraint and dialogue.
As tensions rise, the new death penalty law is expected to remain a major issue in international politics, human rights discussions, and Middle East affairs.