A widely used weight-loss drug known as GLP-1 receptor agonist may offer greater protection against dementia in people with type 2 diabetes than the commonly prescribed medication metformin, a new international study has found.
Metformin continues to be the first treatment option for type 2 diabetes. However, GLP-1 receptor agonists are typically introduced when metformin does not deliver the desired results or causes side effects. These injections have become popular for their ability to control blood sugar and aid weight loss by reducing appetite and increasing the feeling of fullness.
Now, researchers believe the drug could have significant benefits for brain health as well.
The study, which involved a large group of patients and was published in a peer-reviewed medical journal, showed that people with type 2 diabetes who used GLP-1 had a much lower chance of developing dementia than those using only metformin.
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Experts have long warned that individuals with type 2 diabetes face a much higher risk of memory loss and other cognitive issues. Some estimates suggest they are up to 70% more likely to develop dementia compared to those without diabetes.
While both metformin and GLP-1 have shown some ability to protect the brain, the new research suggests that GLP-1 might be more effective in preserving cognitive function over time.
Health professionals say this new evidence could influence future treatment guidelines, especially for diabetic patients who are older or have other health issues that increase dementia risk.
However, researchers stressed the need for further studies to determine if GLP-1 could help prevent or slow dementia in non-diabetic patients or those already living with the condition.